macular degeneration
Macular degeneration is a progressive eye condition and a leading cause of vision loss in adults over age 50. It affects the macula, the part of the retina responsible for sharp, central vision needed for reading, driving, and recognizing faces. As the macula deteriorates, central vision becomes blurry or distorted, while side vision typically remains unaffected.
Macular Degeneration
Understanding Macular Degeneration
Macular degeneration is a progressive eye condition and a leading cause of vision loss in adults over age 50. It affects the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision used for reading, driving, and recognizing faces. As the macula deteriorates, central vision becomes blurry or distorted, while peripheral vision is usually preserved.
There are two main types of macular degeneration dry and wet each with different causes, progression patterns, and treatment options.
Symptoms include:
- Blurred or distorted central vision
- Difficulty reading or seeing fine details
- Dark or empty spots in the center of the vision
- Colors appearing less vibrant
- Straight lines appearing wavy or bent
Treatment Options:
Macular degeneration can affect vision gradually or suddenly, depending on the type and stage of the disease, but early detection and treatment can help slow progression.
- Nutritional supplements and lifestyle management
- Advanced imaging and routine monitoring
- Prescription injections or laser-based therapies for advanced cases
Types & Risk factors
Types of Macular Degeneration
- Dry Macular Degeneration – The most common form, developing slowly as the macula thins and drusen deposits from beneath the retina. Symptoms often progress gradually and may go unnoticed early on.
- Wet Macular Degeneration – A less common but more severe form caused by abnormal blood vessel growth under the retina, leading to rapid central vision loss and requiring prompt treatment.
Risk Factors
- Age over 60
- Family history
- Smoking
- High blood pressure
- Cardiovascular disease
- Poor diet, low in antioxidants
- Prolonged UV exposure
- Obesity
Dry Eye - Frequently Asked Questions
Can macular degeneration be cured?
There is no cure, but treatments can slow progression and help preserve vision.
What’s the difference between dry and wet macular degeneration?
Dry progresses slowly and is more common, while wet progresses faster and requires more urgent treatment.
Will macular degeneration cause complete blindness?
Macular degeneration affects central vision but usually does not cause total blindness or loss of side vision.
How often should I have eye exams if I’m at risk?
Annual comprehensive eye exams are recommended, or more frequently if advised by your eye doctor.
Can lifestyle changes help protect my vision?
Yes. Quitting smoking, managing blood pressure, and maintaining a healthy diet can help reduce progression risk.